Bamana Antelope Chi Wara Headcrest Pair with Custom Bases Mali

The Bamana, also known as Bambara, are one of the largest ethnic groups in their region. Traditional life for the Bamana revolves around agriculture, and issues related to the cycles of nature and the productivity of farmers have a significant influence on Bamana society and art. Knowledge of agricultural practices is passed down from generation to generation through the Ci-wara (or Chiwara, Tyi Wara) society. The Chi-wara society's purpose is to honor successful farmers. Their rituals are based on the legend of a mythical animal, which is believed to be either a roan antelope (Hippotragus Leucophaeus) or an anteater (Manis temminckii), and a python, or a mythical half-man, half-animal creature called Ci-wara, who is said to have introduced agriculture to humans. The Bamana people honor successful farmers through performances that include the appearance of the antelope carved wood crest mask. Ci-wara crest masks are worn during agricultural contests, entertainment events, and the annual celebration. The masquerade ceremonies take place during planting and harvesting seasons in the fields and the village palace. The dance is performed by two individuals portraying a male/female pair.

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