Bamileke Carved Wood Figure Cameroon

The Grasslands of Cameroon are home to three major cultures—the Bamun, Bamileke, and Bamenda Tikar—each of which is governed by a central leader known as the Fon, or chief. The Fon’s role is central to the political and social structure of the region, with each leader chosen by his predecessor, following the dominant lineage within the community. This hereditary system ensures continuity and stability, with Fons typically serving for life, only abdicating as death approaches. A council of elders advises the Fon, assisting in both governance and in the selection of the next leader, underscoring the importance of communal decision-making in maintaining the region’s traditions.

Among the notable institutions of the Grasslands is the Kuosi society, originally reserved for warriors but now accessible to titled men and those able to afford the means to join. The society plays an important role in community life, with members performing dances at funerals, state occasions, and during society meetings. Central to these rituals are the elephant masks, known as mbap nteng, mbap mteng, or tukum, which are also referred to as aka by the western Bamileke. While elephants no longer inhabit the region, they remain a powerful symbol of royal authority. These masks are adorned with intricate beadwork, including materials such as cowrie shells and beads, which were historically used as currency before German colonization.

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