Yoruba Mask with Bird Wood Nigeria

The Yoruba, one of the largest and most culturally significant groups in Nigeria and Africa, have a rich artistic tradition that includes sculpture, mask-making, textiles, beadwork, and pottery. Despite the impact of the Slave Trade, the Yoruba have preserved a complex set of beliefs and rituals, often expressed through art. Gelede masks and Ifa divination trays are notable examples, showcasing intricate details and symbolic elements. Yoruba textiles, particularly Adire, are also highly valued. The oral history recounts the origin myth involving Oduduwa, considered the ancestor of all people. The Oyo Empire, influenced by Portuguese guns, emerged in the 15th century but faced civil unrest and later fell to Fulani invaders in the 1830s. The aftermath led to the southward migration, founding towns like Ibadan and Abeokuta. British colonization in 1901 adopted indirect rule, maintaining Yoruba governance structures.

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